@article{12de69d2690d4de7811eee2240cd22b6,
title = "Access to and demand for online school education during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan",
abstract = "The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in school closures worldwide, including in Japan, where remote education at schools is underdeveloped. Using a unique panel dataset collected in May and December 2020, we examine the determinants of access to online education at and outside schools and parents{\textquoteright} preference towards at-school online education. We observe that children from more privileged family backgrounds received more at-school as well as outside-school online education. We also find that household income and parent's educational level are associated with higher demand for at-school online education, while mothers working full-time and fathers in non-regular contracts decreased this demand temporarily.",
keywords = "COVID-19, Family background, Japan, Online education, Parental work",
author = "Hideo Akabayashi and Shimpei Taguchi and Mirka Zvedelikova",
note = "Funding Information: We thank the Cabinet Office of the Japanese Government for providing us the data from “Survey on Lifestyle Attitudes and Behavioral Changes during the COVID-19 Pandemic.” We also thank Soichi Ohta, and the participants at the graduate labor seminar at Keio University for their comments. This work was supported by KAKENHI Grant Number 21H04982 , 16H06323 from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Mitsubishi Foundation, and Keio Gijuku Academic Development Funds. The authors declare that they have no relevant or material financial interests that relate to the research described in this paper. Funding Information: We thank the Cabinet Office of the Japanese Government for providing us the data from “Survey on Lifestyle Attitudes and Behavioral Changes during the COVID-19 Pandemic.” We also thank Soichi Ohta, and the participants at the graduate labor seminar at Keio University for their comments. This work was supported by KAKENHI Grant Number 21H04982, 16H06323 from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Mitsubishi Foundation, and Keio Gijuku Academic Development Funds. The authors declare that they have no relevant or material financial interests that relate to the research described in this paper. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors",
year = "2023",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1016/j.ijedudev.2022.102687",
language = "English",
volume = "96",
journal = "International Journal of Educational Development",
issn = "0738-0593",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}