TY - JOUR
T1 - Association between resilience and cortical thickness in the posterior cingulate cortex and the temporal pole in Japanese older people
T2 - A population-based cross-sectional study
AU - Shikimoto, Ryo
AU - Noda, Yoshihiro
AU - Kida, Hisashi
AU - Nakajima, Shinichiro
AU - Tsugawa, Sakiko
AU - Mimura, Yu
AU - Ochi, Ryo
AU - Takayama, Midori
AU - Niimura, Hidehito
AU - Mimura, Masaru
N1 - Funding Information:
Despite the age-related atrophy of brain regions, higher resilience in older people has been consistently reported, whose mechanism remains unclear (Feder et al., 2019; Faye et al., 2018). This paradox may be explained by strategic shifts from frequent use of active problem-solving as in the younger adults to preferential utilization of the acceptance and tolerance of negative emotions (Feder et al., 2019; Gilbertson et al., 2002) (Macleod et al., 2016). The determinants of resilience vary inconsistently across the life course including genetic, epigenetic, developmental, demographic, and psychosocial variables, (Malhi et al., 2019; Nygren et al., 2005; Rana et al., 2014). In particular, psychological determinants that enhance resilience later in life are thought to be optimism, hopefulness, and positive emotions (Van Den Heuvel et al., 2010, Macleod et al., 2016, Smith and Hollinger-Smith, 2015; Gooding et al., 2012; Martin et al., 2015; Tugade and Fredrickson, 2004; Resnick and Inguito, 2011), and social support and community involvement (Netuveli et al., 2008; Lamond et al., 2008). Regarding coping strategies, which are reported to predict resilience, older adults tend to utilize the acceptance and tolerance of negative emotions, in contrast to younger adults' frequent use of active problem-solving, which suggests the existence of some different neural bases of resilience (Feder et al., 2019; Gilbertson et al., 2002). In the same way, regarding physical components of resilience, the autonomic nervous system such as heart rate is reported to reduce its relationship with the cortical thickness of the part of the frontal cortex with aging (Carnevali et al., 2018; Yoo et al., 2018). These results may support our result that resilience in older adults was more likely to correlate with the regions that contribute to emotional stability, such as the PCC and temporal pole, rather than the executive functional and/or automatic neural bases. However, the neural basis of resilience involved in both emotions and autonomic nerves is assumed to belong to more overlapping and complex neural networks. For example, it is well known that the functional strategy of the brain in older adults change to a relative forebrain dominance, the so-called age-related posterior-to-anterior shift (Grady et al., 1994), which does not directly support our results. This superiority of the frontal lobe function with aging, which is expressed as an enhancement in positive emotions, may contribute to resilience through the different mechanisms from the emotional stability of the PCC and temporal pole in older people.Y. Noda has received a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (18K15375) and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (21H02813) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), research grants from Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), investigator-initiated clinical study grants from TEIJIN PHARMA LIMITED and Inter Reha Co., Ltd. YN also received research grants from Japan Health Foundation, Meiji Yasuda Mental Health Foundation, Mitsui Life Social Welfare Foundation, Takeda Science Foundation, SENSHIN Medical Research Foundation, Health Science Center Foundation, Mochida Memorial Foundation for Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, Taiju Life Social Welfare Foundation, and Daiichi Sankyo Scholarship Donation Program. YN has received speaker's honoraria from Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, MOCHIDA PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., and Yoshitomiyakuhin Corporation within the past three years. YN also receives equipment-in-kind support for an investigator-initiated study from Magventure Inc, Inter Reha Co., Ltd., Rogue Resolutions Ltd., and Miyuki Giken Co., Ltd. S. Nakajima has received a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists A and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research B and C from JSPS, and research grants from Japan Research Foundation for Clinical Pharmacology, Naito Foundation, Takeda Science Foundation, Uehara Memorial Foundation, and Daiichi Sankyo Scholarship Donation Program within the past three years. SN has also received research support, manuscript fees or speaker's honoraria from Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, Meiji-Seika Pharma, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Shionogi, and Yoshitomi Yakuhin within the past three years. H. Niimura received Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research C from the JSPS and honoraria for lectures from Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Mochida Pharmaceutical, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma. M. Mimura received grants and/or speaker's honoraria from Asahi Kasei Pharma, Astellas Pharma, Daiichi Sankyo, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Fuji Film RI Pharma, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Kracie, Meiji-Seika Pharma, Mochida Pharmaceutical, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Novartis Pharma, Ono Pharmaceutical, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Shionogi, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, and Yoshitomi Yakuhin. All other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.This study was supported by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) under Grant Number 18dk0207025h0003. We would like to thank the participants and their families for their time and assistance; Taiichiro Nishikawa, the Mayor of Arakawa-ward; Chie Tanii, Yumiko Hori, Yuichi Ozawa, and Shunichi Kojima from the Welfare for the Elderly Section of Arakawa-ward; and Yukiko Miyasaka, Hana Abe, and Shogo Hotta from the Arakawa 65+ Study Project of Keio University School of Medicine.
Funding Information:
This study was supported by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development ( AMED ) under Grant Number 18dk0207025h0003 . We would like to thank the participants and their families for their time and assistance; Taiichiro Nishikawa, the Mayor of Arakawa-ward; Chie Tanii, Yumiko Hori, Yuichi Ozawa, and Shunichi Kojima from the Welfare for the Elderly Section of Arakawa-ward; and Yukiko Miyasaka, Hana Abe, and Shogo Hotta from the Arakawa 65+ Study Project of Keio University School of Medicine.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/10
Y1 - 2021/10
N2 - Background: Resilience is a crucial factor preventing the onset of mental illness and contributing to the well-being and healthy longevity, whose neural bases are not fully elucidated in older people. The present study aimed to identify the cortical thickness associating with resilience in older adults. Methods: This is a part of the cross-sectional Arakawa geriatric cohort study for people aged 65 years or older, consisting of 1001 individuals. A Self-Reported Resilience Scale (RS), neuropsychological batteries, face-to-face interviews for diagnosis, and a three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging were conducted. Cortical thickness was computed by the FreeSurfer. The relationships among cortical thickness, total RS score, and clinico-demographic data were investigated using univariate and multivariable regression analyses. Results: The total RS score was correlated with age, education, and scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) in univariate analyses. The total RS score was associated with cortical thicknesses in the left posterior cingulate (β [95 % CI of B] = 0.07 [0.16–14.84]) and the left temporal pole (β [95 % CI of B] = 0.08 [0.63–9.93]) after adjusting sex, age, imaging acquisition site, education, MMSE and GDS scores, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, Barthel index, BMI, and living situation in multivariable regression analyses. Conclusion: The present analyses suggest that the resilience capacity may be related to the cortical thickness in the posterior cingulate and temporal cortices in older adults. Our findings warrant further longitudinal studies to confirm the causal relationship between stress events, resilience, and brain structures.
AB - Background: Resilience is a crucial factor preventing the onset of mental illness and contributing to the well-being and healthy longevity, whose neural bases are not fully elucidated in older people. The present study aimed to identify the cortical thickness associating with resilience in older adults. Methods: This is a part of the cross-sectional Arakawa geriatric cohort study for people aged 65 years or older, consisting of 1001 individuals. A Self-Reported Resilience Scale (RS), neuropsychological batteries, face-to-face interviews for diagnosis, and a three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging were conducted. Cortical thickness was computed by the FreeSurfer. The relationships among cortical thickness, total RS score, and clinico-demographic data were investigated using univariate and multivariable regression analyses. Results: The total RS score was correlated with age, education, and scores of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) in univariate analyses. The total RS score was associated with cortical thicknesses in the left posterior cingulate (β [95 % CI of B] = 0.07 [0.16–14.84]) and the left temporal pole (β [95 % CI of B] = 0.08 [0.63–9.93]) after adjusting sex, age, imaging acquisition site, education, MMSE and GDS scores, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, Barthel index, BMI, and living situation in multivariable regression analyses. Conclusion: The present analyses suggest that the resilience capacity may be related to the cortical thickness in the posterior cingulate and temporal cortices in older adults. Our findings warrant further longitudinal studies to confirm the causal relationship between stress events, resilience, and brain structures.
KW - Brain morphology
KW - Cortical thickness
KW - Gerotoranscendence
KW - Older adults
KW - Posterior cingulate cortex
KW - Resilience
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.026
DO - 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.026
M3 - Article
C2 - 34330025
AN - SCOPUS:85111197558
SN - 0022-3956
VL - 142
SP - 89
EP - 100
JO - Journal of Psychiatric Research
JF - Journal of Psychiatric Research
ER -
