TY - JOUR
T1 - Calcium channel blockers may reduce the development of long COVID in females
AU - Ozawa, Takuya
AU - Kimura, Ryusei
AU - Terai, Hideki
AU - Takemura, Ryo
AU - Namkoong, Ho
AU - Kondo, Masahiro
AU - Fukuda, Keitaro
AU - Yagi, Kazuma
AU - Asakura, Takanori
AU - Masaki, Katsunori
AU - Chubachi, Shotaro
AU - Miyata, Jun
AU - Ohgino, Keiko
AU - Kawada, Ichiro
AU - Kagyo, Junko
AU - Odani, Toshio
AU - Kuwahara, Naota
AU - Nakachi, Ichiro
AU - Ishii, Makoto
AU - Sato, Yasunori
AU - Fukunaga, Koichi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Japanese Society of Hypertension 2023.
PY - 2024/4
Y1 - 2024/4
N2 - With the rising numbers of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)—a sequelae of COVID-19—has become a major problem. Different sexes and age groups develop different long COVID symptoms, and the risk factors for long COVID remain unclear. Therefore, we performed subgroup analyses of patients with COVID-19, classifying them into different groups. In this multicenter cohort study, using an original questionnaire, we examined patients (≥18 years old) diagnosed with COVID-19 from November 2020 to March 2022 and hospitalized at participating medical facilities. In total, 1066 patients were registered (361 female, 620 male). Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (n = 344; 32.5%). Females with hypertension were significantly less likely to develop long COVID symptoms than those without hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27–0.98; p = 0.043). In females, Ca channel blocker administration, rather than having hypertension, was significantly associated with reductions in the frequency of alopecia (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03–0.67, p = 0.015), memory impairment (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.02–0.82, p = 0.029), sleeping disorders (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.04–0.67, p = 0.012), tinnitus (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.05–0.98, p = 0.047), sputum (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.10–0.92, p = 0.035), and fever (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.12–0.93, p = 0.036). Several long COVID symptoms, including alopecia, were significantly negatively associated with Ca channel-blocker administration in female patients with long COVID. (Figure presented.)
AB - With the rising numbers of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)—a sequelae of COVID-19—has become a major problem. Different sexes and age groups develop different long COVID symptoms, and the risk factors for long COVID remain unclear. Therefore, we performed subgroup analyses of patients with COVID-19, classifying them into different groups. In this multicenter cohort study, using an original questionnaire, we examined patients (≥18 years old) diagnosed with COVID-19 from November 2020 to March 2022 and hospitalized at participating medical facilities. In total, 1066 patients were registered (361 female, 620 male). Hypertension was the most common comorbidity (n = 344; 32.5%). Females with hypertension were significantly less likely to develop long COVID symptoms than those without hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 0.51, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.27–0.98; p = 0.043). In females, Ca channel blocker administration, rather than having hypertension, was significantly associated with reductions in the frequency of alopecia (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03–0.67, p = 0.015), memory impairment (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.02–0.82, p = 0.029), sleeping disorders (OR 0.17, 95% CI 0.04–0.67, p = 0.012), tinnitus (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.05–0.98, p = 0.047), sputum (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.10–0.92, p = 0.035), and fever (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.12–0.93, p = 0.036). Several long COVID symptoms, including alopecia, were significantly negatively associated with Ca channel-blocker administration in female patients with long COVID. (Figure presented.)
KW - Antihypertensive drug
KW - COVID-19
KW - Hypertension
KW - Long COVID
KW - SARS-CoV-2
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85176788631&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85176788631&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41440-023-01501-w
DO - 10.1038/s41440-023-01501-w
M3 - Article
C2 - 37978232
AN - SCOPUS:85176788631
SN - 0916-9636
VL - 47
SP - 934
EP - 943
JO - Hypertension Research
JF - Hypertension Research
IS - 4
ER -