Combination therapy of propranolol, levothyroxine, and liothyronine was effective in a case of severe consumptive hypothyroidism associated with infantile hepatic hemangioma

Infantile hepatic hemangioma (IHH) can be accompanied by consumptive hypothyroidism. We report the case of a 4-mo-old boy who showed massive hepatomegaly, peripheral coldness, lethargy, and failure to thrive. An enhanced computed tomography scans demonstrated multiple hemangiomas in both lobes of the liver, and a thyroid function tests showed severe hypothyroidism: TSH 561.5 µIU/mL, free triiodothyronine (fT ₃ ) 1.0 pg/mL, and free thyroxine (fT ₄ ) < 0.7 ng/dL. IHH gradually regressed following propranolol treatment and fT ₄ increased to a low normal level (1.0 ng/dL) by high dose replacement of levothyroxine, while fT ₃ remained very low (< 1.0 pg/mL), even following high doses of levothyroxine; fT ₃ eventually normalized following the administration of liothyronine. We suggest that treatment strategies should be individualized based on thyroid function, and that the combination therapy of propranolol for anti-tumor treatment and levothyroxine and liothyronine for respective thyroid hormone replacement is effective, particularly in cases of severe consumptive hypothyroidism due to multiple IHHs.