TY - JOUR
T1 - Contrasting source contributions of Arctic black carbon to atmospheric concentrations, deposition flux, and atmospheric and snow radiative effects
AU - Matsui, Hitoshi
AU - Mori, Tatsuhiro
AU - Ohata, Sho
AU - Moteki, Nobuhiro
AU - Oshima, Naga
AU - Goto-Azuma, Kumiko
AU - Koike, Makoto
AU - Kondo, Yutaka
N1 - Funding Information:
Financial support. This research has been supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (MEXT/JSPS) KAKENHI grant nos. JP18H03363, JP19H04253, JP19H05699, JP19KK0265, JP20H00196, JP20H00638, and JP22H03722, the MEXT Arctic Challenge for Sustainability phase II (ArCS-II; JPMXD1420318865) project, the Environment Research and Technology Development (grant no. JP-MEERF20202003) of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan, Nagoya University Research Fund, and a grant for the Global Environmental Research Coordination System from the Ministry of the Environment, Japan (grant no. MLIT1753).
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Hitoshi Matsui et al.
PY - 2022/7/12
Y1 - 2022/7/12
N2 - Black carbon (BC) particles in the Arctic contribute to rapid warming of the Arctic by heating the atmosphere and snow and ice surfaces. Understanding the source contributions to Arctic BC is therefore important, but they are not well understood, especially those for atmospheric and snow radiative effects. Here we estimate simultaneously the source contributions of Arctic BC to near-surface and vertically integrated atmospheric BC mass concentrations (MBC-SRF and MBC-COL), BC deposition flux (MBC-DEP), and BC radiative effects at the top of the atmosphere and snow surface (REBC-TOA and REBC-SNOW) and show that the source contributions to these five variables are highly different. In our estimates, Siberia makes the largest contribution to MBC-SRF, MBC-DEP, and REBC-SNOW in the Arctic (defined as >70° N), accounting for 70 %, 53 %, and 41 %, respectively. In contrast, Asia's contributions to MBC-COL and REBC-TOA are largest, accounting for 37 % and 43 %, respectively. In addition, the contributions of biomass burning sources are larger (29 %-35 %) to MBC-DEP, REBC-TOA, and REBC-SNOW, which are highest from late spring to summer, and smaller (5.9 %-17 %) to MBC-SRF and MBC-COL, whose concentrations are highest from winter to spring. These differences in source contributions to these five variables are due to seasonal variations in BC emission, transport, and removal processes and solar radiation, as well as to differences in radiative effect efficiency (radiative effect per unit BC mass) among sources. Radiative effect efficiency varies by a factor of up to 4 among sources (1471-5326 W g-1) depending on lifetimes, mixing states, and heights of BC and seasonal variations of emissions and solar radiation. As a result, source contributions to radiative effects and mass concentrations (i.e., REBC-TOA and MBC-COL, respectively) are substantially different. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of considering differences in the source contributions of Arctic BC among mass concentrations, deposition, and atmospheric and snow radiative effects for accurate understanding of Arctic BC and its climate impacts.
AB - Black carbon (BC) particles in the Arctic contribute to rapid warming of the Arctic by heating the atmosphere and snow and ice surfaces. Understanding the source contributions to Arctic BC is therefore important, but they are not well understood, especially those for atmospheric and snow radiative effects. Here we estimate simultaneously the source contributions of Arctic BC to near-surface and vertically integrated atmospheric BC mass concentrations (MBC-SRF and MBC-COL), BC deposition flux (MBC-DEP), and BC radiative effects at the top of the atmosphere and snow surface (REBC-TOA and REBC-SNOW) and show that the source contributions to these five variables are highly different. In our estimates, Siberia makes the largest contribution to MBC-SRF, MBC-DEP, and REBC-SNOW in the Arctic (defined as >70° N), accounting for 70 %, 53 %, and 41 %, respectively. In contrast, Asia's contributions to MBC-COL and REBC-TOA are largest, accounting for 37 % and 43 %, respectively. In addition, the contributions of biomass burning sources are larger (29 %-35 %) to MBC-DEP, REBC-TOA, and REBC-SNOW, which are highest from late spring to summer, and smaller (5.9 %-17 %) to MBC-SRF and MBC-COL, whose concentrations are highest from winter to spring. These differences in source contributions to these five variables are due to seasonal variations in BC emission, transport, and removal processes and solar radiation, as well as to differences in radiative effect efficiency (radiative effect per unit BC mass) among sources. Radiative effect efficiency varies by a factor of up to 4 among sources (1471-5326 W g-1) depending on lifetimes, mixing states, and heights of BC and seasonal variations of emissions and solar radiation. As a result, source contributions to radiative effects and mass concentrations (i.e., REBC-TOA and MBC-COL, respectively) are substantially different. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of considering differences in the source contributions of Arctic BC among mass concentrations, deposition, and atmospheric and snow radiative effects for accurate understanding of Arctic BC and its climate impacts.
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U2 - 10.5194/acp-22-8989-2022
DO - 10.5194/acp-22-8989-2022
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85134234878
SN - 1680-7316
VL - 22
SP - 8989
EP - 9009
JO - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
IS - 13
ER -
