TY - JOUR
T1 - Correction to
T2 - Trends in Income and Well-Being Inequality During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan (Social Indicators Research, (2024), 10.1007/s11205-024-03478-6)
AU - Ishii, Kayoko
AU - Yamamoto, Isamu
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2025.
PY - 2025
Y1 - 2025
N2 - In this article, the layout of the Tables 1 (b), 3, 4 and 5 have been modified for comprehensibility. For completeness and transparency, the correct and old incorrect versions are displayed below. Tables (Table presented.) (Table presented.) (Table presented.) (Table presented.) JHPS questions for well-being variables (a) Kessler psychological distress scale (K6) for mental health index Q. The following questions ask about how you have been feeling during the past 30 days. For each question, please circle the number that best describes how often you had this feeling During the past 30 days, about how often did you feel … All of the time Most of the time Some of the time A little of the time None of the time a. …nervous? 1 2 3 4 5 b. …hopeless? 1 2 3 4 5 c. …restless or fidgety? 1 2 3 4 5 d. …so depressed that nothing could cheer you up? 1 2 3 4 5 e. …that everything was an effort? 1 2 3 4 5 f. …worthless? 1 2 3 4 5 (b) Satisfaction scores Q. Please provide answers as to how you feel about the present situation regarding the following, on a scale of 1 to 10, with 0 “not at all satisfied,” 5 is “neither satisfied nor dissatisfied,” and 10 is “fully satisfied” (circle one) Dissatisfied ⇐ ⟹ Satisfied Life overall 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Your health 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Your job 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1) The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) is referred to from Kessler et al. (2002) 2) To calculate the K6 score, we first reverse the scores of each item so that a score of 1 becomes 4 and a score of 5 becomes 0, and then sum the scores for each of the six items to generate total score from 0 to 24. Higher scores indicate greater psychological distress Source: The JHPS questionnaire Changes in household disposable income by income group before and during the pandemic (a) Working population (monthly income) I II III IV V 2019–2020 Current income − 1.40 − 7.10 − 7.78 10.66 10.71 Non-current income 9.71 11.79 16.41 19.66 24.45 Nonconsumption expenditures − 0.27 1.08 − 1.23 5.89 6.58 Disposable income 8.58 3.62 9.86 24.43 28.58 2020–2021 Current income − 9.68 8.85 13.68 − 6.68 19.71 Non-current income − 6.85 − 9.06 − 14.71 − 14.71 − 17.47 Nonconsumption expenditures − 2.59 − 2.00 − 0.92 − 4.20 2.63 Disposable income − 13.93 1.18 − 0.11 − 17.20 − 0.39 2021–2022 Current income 22.36 9.75 − 2.13 20.66 15.34 Non-current income 0.27 − 0.84 0.10 − 2.07 − 0.42 Nonconsumption expenditures 4.33 3.47 1.58 5.50 3.26 Disposable income 18.30 5.45 − 3.61 13.09 11.66 (b) Total population (annual income) I II III IV V 2019–2020 Current income − 18.5 − 159.7 − 11.1 107.6 − 271.2 Non-current income 95.1 127.1 147.5 137.3 168.3 Totalized household income 83.1 − 36.1 141.8 244.2 − 106.5 2020–2021 Current income − 98.7 167.8 − 19.9 − 130.7 − 237.0 Non-current income − 66.2 − 70.5 − 105.4 − 99.4 − 68.0 Totalized household income − 172.0 92.9 − 111.9 − 228.0 − 298.8 1).
AB - In this article, the layout of the Tables 1 (b), 3, 4 and 5 have been modified for comprehensibility. For completeness and transparency, the correct and old incorrect versions are displayed below. Tables (Table presented.) (Table presented.) (Table presented.) (Table presented.) JHPS questions for well-being variables (a) Kessler psychological distress scale (K6) for mental health index Q. The following questions ask about how you have been feeling during the past 30 days. For each question, please circle the number that best describes how often you had this feeling During the past 30 days, about how often did you feel … All of the time Most of the time Some of the time A little of the time None of the time a. …nervous? 1 2 3 4 5 b. …hopeless? 1 2 3 4 5 c. …restless or fidgety? 1 2 3 4 5 d. …so depressed that nothing could cheer you up? 1 2 3 4 5 e. …that everything was an effort? 1 2 3 4 5 f. …worthless? 1 2 3 4 5 (b) Satisfaction scores Q. Please provide answers as to how you feel about the present situation regarding the following, on a scale of 1 to 10, with 0 “not at all satisfied,” 5 is “neither satisfied nor dissatisfied,” and 10 is “fully satisfied” (circle one) Dissatisfied ⇐ ⟹ Satisfied Life overall 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Your health 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Your job 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1) The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) is referred to from Kessler et al. (2002) 2) To calculate the K6 score, we first reverse the scores of each item so that a score of 1 becomes 4 and a score of 5 becomes 0, and then sum the scores for each of the six items to generate total score from 0 to 24. Higher scores indicate greater psychological distress Source: The JHPS questionnaire Changes in household disposable income by income group before and during the pandemic (a) Working population (monthly income) I II III IV V 2019–2020 Current income − 1.40 − 7.10 − 7.78 10.66 10.71 Non-current income 9.71 11.79 16.41 19.66 24.45 Nonconsumption expenditures − 0.27 1.08 − 1.23 5.89 6.58 Disposable income 8.58 3.62 9.86 24.43 28.58 2020–2021 Current income − 9.68 8.85 13.68 − 6.68 19.71 Non-current income − 6.85 − 9.06 − 14.71 − 14.71 − 17.47 Nonconsumption expenditures − 2.59 − 2.00 − 0.92 − 4.20 2.63 Disposable income − 13.93 1.18 − 0.11 − 17.20 − 0.39 2021–2022 Current income 22.36 9.75 − 2.13 20.66 15.34 Non-current income 0.27 − 0.84 0.10 − 2.07 − 0.42 Nonconsumption expenditures 4.33 3.47 1.58 5.50 3.26 Disposable income 18.30 5.45 − 3.61 13.09 11.66 (b) Total population (annual income) I II III IV V 2019–2020 Current income − 18.5 − 159.7 − 11.1 107.6 − 271.2 Non-current income 95.1 127.1 147.5 137.3 168.3 Totalized household income 83.1 − 36.1 141.8 244.2 − 106.5 2020–2021 Current income − 98.7 167.8 − 19.9 − 130.7 − 237.0 Non-current income − 66.2 − 70.5 − 105.4 − 99.4 − 68.0 Totalized household income − 172.0 92.9 − 111.9 − 228.0 − 298.8 1).
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U2 - 10.1007/s11205-025-03586-x
DO - 10.1007/s11205-025-03586-x
M3 - Comment/debate
AN - SCOPUS:105004914946
SN - 0303-8300
JO - Social Indicators Research
JF - Social Indicators Research
ER -