TY - JOUR
T1 - Cross-Sectional Analysis of the Relationship between Home Blood Pressure and Indoor Temperature in Winter
T2 - A Nationwide Smart Wellness Housing Survey in Japan
AU - Umishio, Wataru
AU - Ikaga, Toshiharu
AU - Kario, Kazuomi
AU - Fujino, Yoshihisa
AU - Hoshi, Tanji
AU - Ando, Shintaro
AU - Suzuki, Masaru
AU - Yoshimura, Takesumi
AU - Yoshino, Hiroshi
AU - Murakami, Shuzo
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was partly supported by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) as part of the Model Project for Promotion of Smart Wellness Housing (SWH). Funding organizations had no role in deciding the study design and conducting the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation of the article; or the decision to submit the article for publication.
Funding Information:
W. Umishio is an employee of Kajima Corp. T. Ikaga has received research grants (significant) from Tokyo Gas Co, Ltd, Osaka Gas Co, Ltd, HyAS & Co Inc, Fuyo Home Co Ltd, Asahi Kasei Homes Corp, OM Solar Co Inc, Kajima Corp, Shimizu Corp, Nice Corp, Japan Gas Association, and Japan Sustainable Building Consortium. K. Kario has received a research grant (significant) from Omron Healthcare Co, Ltd. T. Hoshi has received honorarium (significant) from LIXIL Corp. S. Ando has received a research grant (significant) from Health Science Lab. M. Suzuki has received nonrestrictive research funds (significant) from Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corp. The other authors report no conflicts.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 American Heart Association, Inc.
PY - 2019/10/1
Y1 - 2019/10/1
N2 - Mortality due to cardiovascular disease rises sharply in winter. Known as excess winter mortality, this phenomenon is partially explained by cold exposure-induced high blood pressure. Home blood pressure, especially in the morning, is closely associated with cardiovascular disease risk. We conducted the first large nationwide survey on home blood pressure and indoor temperature in 3775 participants (2095 households) who intended to conduct insulation retrofitting and were recruited by construction companies. Home blood pressure was measured twice in the morning and evening for 2 weeks. The relationship between home blood pressure and indoor temperature in winter was analyzed using a multilevel model with 3 levels: repeatedly measured day-level variables (eg, indoor ambient temperature and quality of sleep), nested within individual-level (eg, age and sex), and nested within household level. Cross-sectional analyses involving about 2900 participants (1840 households) showed that systolic blood pressure in the morning had significantly higher sensitivity to changes in indoor temperature (8.2 mm Hg increase/10°C decrease) than that in the evening (6.5 mm Hg increase/10°C decrease) in participants aged 57 years (mean age in this survey). We also found a nonlinear relationship between morning systolic blood pressure and indoor temperature, suggesting that the effect of indoor temperature on blood pressure varied depending on room temperature range. Interaction terms between age/women and indoor temperature were significant, indicating that systolic blood pressure in older residents and women was vulnerable to indoor temperature change. We expect that these results will be useful in determining optimum home temperature recommendations for men and women of each age group. Clinical Trial Registration - URL: http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm. Unique identifier: UMIN000030601.
AB - Mortality due to cardiovascular disease rises sharply in winter. Known as excess winter mortality, this phenomenon is partially explained by cold exposure-induced high blood pressure. Home blood pressure, especially in the morning, is closely associated with cardiovascular disease risk. We conducted the first large nationwide survey on home blood pressure and indoor temperature in 3775 participants (2095 households) who intended to conduct insulation retrofitting and were recruited by construction companies. Home blood pressure was measured twice in the morning and evening for 2 weeks. The relationship between home blood pressure and indoor temperature in winter was analyzed using a multilevel model with 3 levels: repeatedly measured day-level variables (eg, indoor ambient temperature and quality of sleep), nested within individual-level (eg, age and sex), and nested within household level. Cross-sectional analyses involving about 2900 participants (1840 households) showed that systolic blood pressure in the morning had significantly higher sensitivity to changes in indoor temperature (8.2 mm Hg increase/10°C decrease) than that in the evening (6.5 mm Hg increase/10°C decrease) in participants aged 57 years (mean age in this survey). We also found a nonlinear relationship between morning systolic blood pressure and indoor temperature, suggesting that the effect of indoor temperature on blood pressure varied depending on room temperature range. Interaction terms between age/women and indoor temperature were significant, indicating that systolic blood pressure in older residents and women was vulnerable to indoor temperature change. We expect that these results will be useful in determining optimum home temperature recommendations for men and women of each age group. Clinical Trial Registration - URL: http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/index.htm. Unique identifier: UMIN000030601.
KW - blood pressure
KW - cardiovascular diseases
KW - cross sectional analysis
KW - housing
KW - temperature
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85072132914&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.12914
DO - 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.12914
M3 - Article
C2 - 31446802
AN - SCOPUS:85072132914
SN - 0194-911X
VL - 74
SP - 756
EP - 766
JO - Hypertension
JF - Hypertension
IS - 4
ER -
