Design of a Space Environmental Fund Simulation Model Considering Taxable Objects using a System Dynamics Approach

The presence of space debris, consisting of upper stages of launch vehicles and inactive satellites, poses a significant threat to active satellites. Active Debris Removal (ADR) is proposed as a solution to mitigate the increasing amount of space debris. The purpose of this research is to clarify the prior funding system. Then, the relationship between launch vehicles, spacecraft, space debris, and ADR, as well as its funding source, was elucidated using system dynamics. Then, two models were then simulated under various conditions: one imposing a tax on launch vehicle capacity and the other imposing a tax on spacecraft. The results indicated that the latter model is more effective in mitigating space environment congestion.