Effects of work–family life support program on the work–family interface and mental health among Japanese dual-earner couples with a preschool child: A randomized controlled trial

Objectives: This study examined the effectiveness of a newly developed work–family life support program on the work–family interface and mental health indicators among Japanese dual-earner couples with a preschool child(/ren) using a randomized controlled trial with a waitlist. Methods: Participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to the intervention or the control groups (n = 79 and n = 85, respectively). The program comprised two 3-h sessions with a 1-month interval between them and provided comprehensive skills by including self-management, couple management, and parenting management components. The program sessions were conducted on weekends in a community center room with 3–10 participants. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 1-month, and 3-month follow-ups. Primary outcomes were work–family balance self-efficacy (WFBSE), four types of work–family spillovers (i.e., work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict, work-to-family facilitation, and family-to-work facilitation), psychological distress, and work engagement reported by the participants. Results: The program had significantly pooled intervention effects on WFBSE (P =.031) and psychological distress (P =.014). The effect sizes (Cohen's d) were small, with values of 0.22 at the 1-month follow-up and 0.24 at the 3-month follow-up for WFBSE, and −0.36 at the 3-month follow-up for psychological distress. However, the program had nonsignificant pooled effects on four types of work–family spillovers and work engagement. Conclusions: The program effectively increased WFBSE and decreased psychological distress among Japanese dual-earner couples with a preschool child(/ren).