Exit, voice, and loyalty under municipal decline: A difference-in-differences analysis in Japan

Business & Economics

• Exit, Voice, and Loyalty 100%
• Difference-in-differences 63%
• Fiscal Reform 56%
• Japan 42%
• Exit 34%
• Political Conflict 14%
• Social Capital 13%
• Tax Increase 12%
• Municipalities 11%
• Response Rate 10%
• Village 9%
• Loyalty 8%
• Fiscal 8%
• Factors 3%

Social Sciences

• Fiscal reforms 64%
• loyalty 63%
• Japan 45%
• citizen 37%
• tax increase 14%
• political conflict 11%
• social capital 9%
• municipality 9%
• town 8%
• village 8%
• management 4%
• evidence 4%
• time 3%