TY - JOUR
T1 - Experiment to distinguish two fumaroles consistently emanating infrasound at Kirishima Iwo-Yama
AU - Yamakawa, Kazuya
AU - Ichihara, Mie
AU - Muramatsu, Dan
AU - Matsushima, Takeshi
AU - Takahashi, Hidetoshi
AU - Wada, Ruka
AU - Shimoyama, Isao
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was funded by a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Research Fellowship Grant-in-Aid (19J13999), the Joint Usage of the Earthquake Research Institute, the University of Tokyo (2019B01), and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan, under its Earthquake and Volcano Hazards Observation and Research Program.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023, The Author(s).
PY - 2023/12
Y1 - 2023/12
N2 - In the infrasonic observation of a fumarolic field, distinguishing multiple fumarolic sources is challenging. The array technique effectively estimates the source locations and identifies the target signal from other signals and noise. We conducted an experiment at Kirishima Iwo-Yama, Japan, where two active fumarolic areas were separated by ~ 450 m. A three-element array with an aperture of ~ 20 m was installed between the two fumarolic areas. In addition, a single microphone was installed near one of the fumaroles. The array combined with the waveform correlation analysis estimated the most prominent source but failed to estimate the other weak source. A joint analysis of the array and the single microphone effectively resolved the two sources. It was also confirmed that newly developed power-saving MEMS microphones were useful for observing the fumaroles. This paper presents the instrumentation and analytical method that would be beneficial for monitoring volcanoes that have multiple hydrothermally active vents. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
AB - In the infrasonic observation of a fumarolic field, distinguishing multiple fumarolic sources is challenging. The array technique effectively estimates the source locations and identifies the target signal from other signals and noise. We conducted an experiment at Kirishima Iwo-Yama, Japan, where two active fumarolic areas were separated by ~ 450 m. A three-element array with an aperture of ~ 20 m was installed between the two fumarolic areas. In addition, a single microphone was installed near one of the fumaroles. The array combined with the waveform correlation analysis estimated the most prominent source but failed to estimate the other weak source. A joint analysis of the array and the single microphone effectively resolved the two sources. It was also confirmed that newly developed power-saving MEMS microphones were useful for observing the fumaroles. This paper presents the instrumentation and analytical method that would be beneficial for monitoring volcanoes that have multiple hydrothermally active vents. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
KW - Array observation
KW - Fumarole
KW - Infrasound
KW - Volcano
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U2 - 10.1186/s40623-023-01777-9
DO - 10.1186/s40623-023-01777-9
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85148764948
SN - 1343-8832
VL - 75
JO - Earth, Planets and Space
JF - Earth, Planets and Space
IS - 1
M1 - 26
ER -