Gene expression of interstitial collagenase in both progressive and recovery phase of rat liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride

Background/Aims: Liver fibrosis is a dynamic state between matrix production and degradation. Since our report in 1974, many studies have examined collagenase and liver fibrosis, but not the identification of cells responsible for collagenase production in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the gene expression of interstitial collagenase in the progressive and recovery phases of experimental rat liver fibrosis by in situ hybridization. Methods: We examined the gene expression of interstitial collagenase (MMP-13) in the progressive and recovery phase of experimental rat liver fibrosis induced by chronic CCl₄ intoxication by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization. In order to identify the cells expressing MMP-13 mRNA by in situ hybridizations immunohistochemistry was performed using serial sections. Results: In normal rat liver, a faint band for MMP-13 mRNA was observed by RT-PCR, but not by in situ hybridization. The livers of rats treated with CCl₄ for 4 weeks showed fatty metamorphosis but no definite fibrosis. Positive signals for MMP-13 mRNA were observed in scattered mesenchymal cells, within lobules which seem to be stellate cells from immuno- histochemical staining. Once the fibrosis became prominent, the faint band for MMP-13 mRNA was detected only by RT-PCR and very few signals, if any, by in situ hybridization. On the other hand, in the recovery phase of liver fibrosis, gene expression of MMP-13 was markedly enhanced. Strong positive cells by in situ hybridization were observed mainly at the interface between the resolving fibrous septa and the parenchyma. Overlapping both images of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining with the help of a computer revealed that some positive cells, but not all cells, were stellate cells stained with α-smooth muscle actin antibody. Conclusions: MMP-13 participates in the degradation of newly-formed matrix in the recovery from rat liver fibrosis more than in the remodeling of extracellular matrix for the formation of fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cells play a crucial role in MMP- 13 production in the recovery from fibrosis, though not all stellate cells were positive for MMP-13 mRNA. Further investigation into gene expression of MMP-13 in recovery will lead to new strategies for the treatment of liver cirrhosis.