Impact of cytogenetics on outcome of stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia in first remission: A large-scale retrospective analysis of data from the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

On the basis of transplantation data from the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, we retrospectively analyzed the impact of cytogenetics at diagnosis on the outcome of transplantation in 628 patients with acute myeloid leukemia who underwent autologous (n = 200), allogeneic related (n = 363), or allogenic unrelated (n = 65) stem cell transplantation (SCY) at first complete remission. For autologous SCY, patients at good cytogenetic risk had a significantly lower relapse rate (P = .017) and a significantly higher event-free survival (EFS) (P = .013) compared with those at intermediate risk. For allogeneic SCY, patients at good cytogenetic risk had a significantly lower relapse rate (P = .019) and insignificantly higher EFS (P = .093) than those at poor risk. For unrelated SCY, there was no significant difference in relapse rate or EFS between patients at good risk and those at intermediate risk. Comparison of the 3 transplantation modalities revealed that autologous SCT patients had a significantly higher incidence of relapse compared with related or unrelated SCY patients in the intermediate-risk group but not in the good-risk group. However, there were no significant differences in EFS among the 3 transplant modalities in either of these 2 risk groups. In multivariate analysis, cytogenetics was found to be an independent predictor of relapse as well as of treatment failure.