In vitro study of optical vortex and photobiomodulation effects for the development of Parkinson's disease treatment

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a motor dysfunction caused by aging or genetic factors, characterized by the phosphorylation and aggregation of the causative protein α-synuclein. Currently, Treatment options for PD are limited to symptomatic treatment of drug therapy and surgery. Given the side effects of drugs and the invasiveness of surgical treatments, there is a growing need to develop minimally invasive causative therapies. Photobiomodulation may reduce intracellular oxidative stress and decrease α synuclein levels, and the optical vortex could potentially disrupt protein aggregates with its orbital angular momentum This study aimed to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation and optical vortex for developing PD phototherapy by using PD model cells to quantify intracellular proteins. Cells were exposed to lasers with wavelengths of 808 and 1064 nm, and optical vortex irradiation at 100 mW/cm² for 450 and 900 seconds. The WST assay confirmed no laser-induced damage and assessed cell viability. Western Blot analysis 48 hours post-irradiation showed that optical vortex irradiation reduced α-synuclein levels by 30%, increased tyrosine hydroxylase by 31%, and enhanced Nrf2 by 41%. These results indicate that combining optical vortex and photobiomodulation may reduce PD-related proteins by lowering oxidative stress and promoting dopamine production without cellular damage.