@article{6c5f767559bc458696caad62996c52cd,
title = "Induction of Intestinal Th17 Cells by Segmented Filamentous Bacteria",
abstract = "The gastrointestinal tract of mammals is inhabited by hundreds of distinct species of commensal microorganisms that exist in a mutualistic relationship with the host. How commensal microbiota influence the host immune system is poorly understood. We show here that colonization of the small intestine of mice with a single commensal microbe, segmented filamentous bacterium (SFB), is sufficient to induce the appearance of CD4+ T helper cells that produce IL-17 and IL-22 (Th17 cells) in the lamina propria. SFB adhere tightly to the surface of epithelial cells in the terminal ileum of mice with Th17 cells but are absent from mice that have few Th17 cells. Colonization with SFB was correlated with increased expression of genes associated with inflammation and antimicrobial defenses and resulted in enhanced resistance to the intestinal pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. Thus, manipulation of this commensal-regulated pathway may provide new opportunities for enhancing mucosal immunity and treating autoimmune disease.",
keywords = "CELLIMMUNO, HUMDISEASE, MICROBIO",
author = "Ivanov, {Ivaylo I.} and Koji Atarashi and Nicolas Manel and Brodie, {Eoin L.} and Tatsuichiro Shima and Ulas Karaoz and Dongguang Wei and Goldfarb, {Katherine C.} and Santee, {Clark A.} and Lynch, {Susan V.} and Takeshi Tanoue and Akemi Imaoka and Kikuji Itoh and Kiyoshi Takeda and Yoshinori Umesaki and Kenya Honda and Littman, {Dan R.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank members of the Littman laboratory for valuable discussions, Takeshi Egawa and Homer Boushey for their contribution to establishing the collaborative study, and Junichi Nishimura for technical assistance. We also thank Feng-Xia (Alice) Liang and Eric Roth from the New York Univeristy imaging core facility for performing transmission electron microscopy and for preparing samples for scanning electron microscopy. We also thank Jiri Zavadil and Agnes Viale and the genomic core facilities of NYU and Memorial Sloan Ketterring Cancer Center, respectively, for performing the array studies. We thank the staff at the Yakult Central Institute for gnotobiotic handling of the mice. The work was supported by Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America (I.I.I.) and Cancer Research Institute (N.M.) fellowships and by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (D.R.L.), the Helen and Martin Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine (D.R.L.), National Institutes of Health grant AI33856 (D.R.L.), Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (K.H.), PRESTO, JST (K.H.), the Senri Life Science Foundation, and the Naito Foundation (K.H.). Part of this work was performed under the auspices of the United States Department of Energy by the University of California, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, under contract DE-AC02-05CH11231. ",
year = "2009",
month = oct,
day = "30",
doi = "10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.033",
language = "English",
volume = "139",
pages = "485--498",
journal = "Cell",
issn = "0092-8674",
publisher = "Cell Press",
number = "3",
}