Integrated CO₂ emissions evaluation system for climate change mitigation and flood risk adaptation scenarios

The realization of climate change mitigation and adaptation remains an urgent global issue. As a way of such mitigation and adaptation measures, moving people from floodhazard areas to a compact city could be an effective measure. In this case, climate change mitigation and adaptation measures could be compatible. The objective of this study is to develop an integrated evaluation system for CO₂ emissions under several urban landuse scenarios (Yamagata and Seya, 2013; Yamagata et al., 2013) considering [i] land use (compact city and flood risk prevention) and [ii] the introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) and photovoltaic (PV) panels at a local town level on a city or a metropolitan area scale. The developed system can be used to assess the cobenefits of both mitigation and adaptation measures from the viewpoint of CO₂ emissions. Indirect emissions based on households' expenditure are also estimated in addition to direct emissions. In this study, the Tokyo Metropolitan Area was selected as a case study to apply this evaluation system.