Long-term outcomes of periprocedural coronary dissection and perforation for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in a Japanese multicenter registry

Long-term outcomes of iatrogenic coronary dissection and perforation in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains under-investigated. We analyzed 8,721 consecutive patients discharged after PCI between 2008 and 2019 from Keio Cardiovascular (KiCS) PCI multicenter prospective registry in the Tokyo metropolitan area. Significant coronary dissection was defined as persistent contrast medium extravasation or spiral or persistent filling defects with complete distal and impaired flow. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause death, acute coronary syndrome, heart failure, bleeding, stroke requiring admission, and coronary artery bypass grafting two years after discharge. We used a multivariable Cox hazard regression model to assess the effects of these complications. Among the patients, 68 (0.78%) had significant coronary dissections, and 61 (0.70%) had coronary perforations at the index PCI. Patients with significant coronary dissection had higher rates of the primary endpoint and heart failure than those without (25.0% versus 14.3%, P = 0.02; 10.3% versus 4.2%, P = 0.03); there were no significant differences in the primary outcomes between the patients with and without coronary perforation (i.e., primary outcome: 8.2% versus 14.5%, P = 0.23) at the two-year follow-up. After adjustments, patients with coronary dissection had a significantly higher rate of the primary endpoint than those without (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.02–2.84; P = 0.04), but there was no significant difference in the primary endpoint between the patients with and without coronary perforation (HR 0.51, 95% CI 0.21–1.23; P = 0.13). For patients undergoing PCI, significant coronary dissection was associated with poor long-term outcomes, including heart failure readmission.