@article{05821cbd78464e178c1bb95739a961ca,
title = "Management of challenging immune-related gastrointestinal adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors",
abstract = "Immune-related gastrointestinal toxicities (irGI) are well-known adverse events (AEs) with immune checkpoint inhibitors. The aim of this review was to present clinical data from 82 cases to provide information to clinicians who face real-world challenges among their patients with irGI AEs. The findings of this review support the use of the current management guidelines. By analyzing the treatment courses and outcomes of all cases identified, our review recommends that recurrent cases be treated carefully regardless of the grade of diarrhea at the onset of events. Earlier gastroenterology consultation and computed tomography/endoscopy diagnosis are essential, especially when an irGI AE recurs or worsens during steroid tapering. We would also suggest earlier decision to add immunosuppressant agents, particularly for recurrent cases.",
keywords = "Colitis, Diarrhea, Immune checkpoint inhibitors, Immune-related adverse events, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab",
author = "Yasuo Hamamoto and Natalya Shin and Tomohiro Hoshino and Takanori Kanai",
note = "Funding Information: Y Hamamoto serves as a consultant to Bristol-Myers Squibb K K and Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, and received compensation for these services. He also received honoraria from Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd and Bristol-Myers Squibb K K. N Shin is an employee of Bristol-Myers Squibb K K and holds stock in Bristol-Myers Squibb K K. T Hoshino is an employee of Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. T Kanai serves as a consultant to Bristol-Myers Squibb K K and Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, and received compensation for these services. He also received honoraria from Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd and Bristol-Myers Squibb K K. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed. Medical writing assistance was funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb K K and Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 Future Medicine Ltd.",
year = "2018",
month = dec,
doi = "10.2217/fon-2018-0509",
language = "English",
volume = "14",
pages = "3187--3198",
journal = "Future Oncology",
issn = "1479-6694",
publisher = "Future Medicine Ltd.",
number = "30",
}
