Mechanisms of multi-component perovskite synthesis from stoichiometric mixtures by a soft-mechanochemical route

J. G. Baek; K. Gomi; T. Watanabe; T. Isobe; M. Senna

Mechanisms of multi-component perovskite synthesis from stoichiometric mixtures by a soft-mechanochemical route

J. G. Baek, K. Gomi, T. Watanabe, T. Isobe, M. Senna

Department of Applied Chemistry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

12 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Mechanism of complex formation by milling a mixture comprising PbO, TiO₂, Nb₂O₅ and Mg(OH)₂ was examined. Due to the strong acidity of Nb₂O₅ and basicity of Mg(OH)₂, a typical acid-base reaction takes place during milling with simultaneous partial reduction of Nb⁵⁺ to Nb²⁺, as evidenced by XPS. This mechanochemical reaction, together with further interaction with PbO and TiO₂, brings about precursors of the perovskite solid solution, (1-X)Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-xPbTiO₃ with x ranging from 0 to 0.2. The mixture after milling is more homogeneous and contains even a small amount of crystalline perovskite. On subsequent heating, growth of perovskite takes place parallel with a solid state reaction via pyrochlore, resulting in a pure perovskite phase at temperatures as low as 850°C. A mixture without mechanical stressing brings about a pyrochlore as a main phase by heating under the same condition.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	115-120
Number of pages	6
Journal	Materials Science Forum
Volume	235-238
Issue number	PART 1
Publication status	Published - 1997 Jan 1

Keywords

Charge transfer
Mechanochemical reaction
Perovskite solid solution
Precursor
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Materials Science(all)
Condensed Matter Physics
Mechanics of Materials
Mechanical Engineering

Cite this

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title = "Mechanisms of multi-component perovskite synthesis from stoichiometric mixtures by a soft-mechanochemical route",

abstract = "Mechanism of complex formation by milling a mixture comprising PbO, TiO2, Nb2O5 and Mg(OH)2 was examined. Due to the strong acidity of Nb2O5 and basicity of Mg(OH)2, a typical acid-base reaction takes place during milling with simultaneous partial reduction of Nb5+ to Nb2+, as evidenced by XPS. This mechanochemical reaction, together with further interaction with PbO and TiO2, brings about precursors of the perovskite solid solution, (1-X)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 with x ranging from 0 to 0.2. The mixture after milling is more homogeneous and contains even a small amount of crystalline perovskite. On subsequent heating, growth of perovskite takes place parallel with a solid state reaction via pyrochlore, resulting in a pure perovskite phase at temperatures as low as 850°C. A mixture without mechanical stressing brings about a pyrochlore as a main phase by heating under the same condition.",

keywords = "Charge transfer, Mechanochemical reaction, Perovskite solid solution, Precursor, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy",

author = "Baek, {J. G.} and K. Gomi and T. Watanabe and T. Isobe and M. Senna",

year = "1997",

month = jan,

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T1 - Mechanisms of multi-component perovskite synthesis from stoichiometric mixtures by a soft-mechanochemical route

AU - Baek, J. G.

AU - Gomi, K.

AU - Watanabe, T.

AU - Isobe, T.

AU - Senna, M.

PY - 1997/1/1

Y1 - 1997/1/1

N2 - Mechanism of complex formation by milling a mixture comprising PbO, TiO2, Nb2O5 and Mg(OH)2 was examined. Due to the strong acidity of Nb2O5 and basicity of Mg(OH)2, a typical acid-base reaction takes place during milling with simultaneous partial reduction of Nb5+ to Nb2+, as evidenced by XPS. This mechanochemical reaction, together with further interaction with PbO and TiO2, brings about precursors of the perovskite solid solution, (1-X)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 with x ranging from 0 to 0.2. The mixture after milling is more homogeneous and contains even a small amount of crystalline perovskite. On subsequent heating, growth of perovskite takes place parallel with a solid state reaction via pyrochlore, resulting in a pure perovskite phase at temperatures as low as 850°C. A mixture without mechanical stressing brings about a pyrochlore as a main phase by heating under the same condition.

AB - Mechanism of complex formation by milling a mixture comprising PbO, TiO2, Nb2O5 and Mg(OH)2 was examined. Due to the strong acidity of Nb2O5 and basicity of Mg(OH)2, a typical acid-base reaction takes place during milling with simultaneous partial reduction of Nb5+ to Nb2+, as evidenced by XPS. This mechanochemical reaction, together with further interaction with PbO and TiO2, brings about precursors of the perovskite solid solution, (1-X)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 with x ranging from 0 to 0.2. The mixture after milling is more homogeneous and contains even a small amount of crystalline perovskite. On subsequent heating, growth of perovskite takes place parallel with a solid state reaction via pyrochlore, resulting in a pure perovskite phase at temperatures as low as 850°C. A mixture without mechanical stressing brings about a pyrochlore as a main phase by heating under the same condition.

KW - Charge transfer

KW - Mechanochemical reaction

KW - Perovskite solid solution

KW - Precursor

KW - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

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SN - 0255-5476

VL - 235-238

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JO - Materials Science Forum

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IS - PART 1

ER -

Mechanisms of multi-component perovskite synthesis from stoichiometric mixtures by a soft-mechanochemical route

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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