Molecular characterization of neurohybrid cell death induced by Alzheimer's amyloid-β peptides via p75NTR/PLAIDD

One of the most important pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is extracellular senile plaques, whose major component is amyloid-β peptides (Aβ). Aβ binds to the extracellular domain of p75NTR (p75 neurotrophin receptor) and induces neuronal cell death. We investigated the molecular mechanism of Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in detail from the standpoint of interaction between p75NTR and its recently identified relative, PLAIDD (p75-like apoptosis-inducing death domain). Using F11 neuronal hybrid cells, we demonstrate that there are two distinct pathways for Aβ-induced toxicity mediated by p75NTR. One pathway that has been previously elucidated, is mediated by p75NTR, Go, JNK, NADPH oxidase and caspase3-related caspases. We found that PLAIDD and Gi proteins, heterotrimeric G proteins, are involved in the alternative Aβ-induced neurotoxicity mediated by p75NTR. The alternative pathway triggered by Aβ is thus mediated by p75NTR, PLAIDD, Gi, JNK, NADPH oxidase and caspase3-related caspases. In addition, we found that HN, ADNF, IGF-I, or bFGF inhibits both pathways of Aβ-induced neurotoxicity mediated by p75NTR.