Molecular Mechanisms for Learning and Memory: What Happens at the Synapses?

The synapse is a structure connecting neurons in the brain, which is crucial for learning and memory. Accumulating evidence suggests that synapses continuously change in function and structure in response to learning and memory. Especially, in the cerebellum, which underlies motor learning and memory, synapses are highly dynamic throughout life. Recently, various types of molecules involving synapse integrity, learning and memory, such as δ-type glutamate receptors (GluD receptors) and C1q-family proteins, have been identified.