TY - JOUR
T1 - Needs-based off-job crafting across different life domains and contexts
T2 - Testing a novel conceptual and measurement approach
AU - Kujanpää, Miika
AU - Syrek, Christine
AU - Tay, Louis
AU - Kinnunen, Ulla
AU - Mäkikangas, Anne
AU - Shimazu, Akihito
AU - Wiese, Christopher W.
AU - Brauchli, Rebecca
AU - Bauer, Georg F.
AU - Kerksieck, Philipp
AU - Toyama, Hiroyuki
AU - de Bloom, Jessica
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Kujanpää, Syrek, Tay, Kinnunen, Mäkikangas, Shimazu, Wiese, Brauchli, Bauer, Kerksieck, Toyama and de Bloom.
PY - 2022/9/22
Y1 - 2022/9/22
N2 - Shaping off-job life is becoming increasingly important for workers to increase and maintain their optimal functioning (i.e., feeling and performing well). Proactively shaping the job domain (referred to as job crafting) has been extensively studied, but crafting in the off-job domain has received markedly less research attention. Based on the Integrative Needs Model of Crafting, needs-based off-job crafting is defined as workers’ proactive and self-initiated changes in their off-job lives, which target psychological needs satisfaction. Off-job crafting is posited as a possible means for workers to fulfill their needs and enhance well-being and performance over time. We developed a new scale to measure off-job crafting and examined its relationships to optimal functioning in different work contexts in different regions around the world (the United States, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Finland, Japan, and the United Kingdom). Furthermore, we examined the criterion, convergent, incremental, discriminant, and structural validity evidence of the Needs-based Off-job Crafting Scale using multiple methods (longitudinal and cross-sectional survey studies, an “example generation”-task). The results showed that off-job crafting was related to optimal functioning over time, especially in the off-job domain but also in the job domain. Moreover, the novel off-job crafting scale had good convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability. To conclude, our series of studies in various countries show that off-job crafting can enhance optimal functioning in different life domains and support people in performing their duties sustainably. Therefore, shaping off-job life may be beneficial in an intensified and continually changing and challenging working life.
AB - Shaping off-job life is becoming increasingly important for workers to increase and maintain their optimal functioning (i.e., feeling and performing well). Proactively shaping the job domain (referred to as job crafting) has been extensively studied, but crafting in the off-job domain has received markedly less research attention. Based on the Integrative Needs Model of Crafting, needs-based off-job crafting is defined as workers’ proactive and self-initiated changes in their off-job lives, which target psychological needs satisfaction. Off-job crafting is posited as a possible means for workers to fulfill their needs and enhance well-being and performance over time. We developed a new scale to measure off-job crafting and examined its relationships to optimal functioning in different work contexts in different regions around the world (the United States, Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Finland, Japan, and the United Kingdom). Furthermore, we examined the criterion, convergent, incremental, discriminant, and structural validity evidence of the Needs-based Off-job Crafting Scale using multiple methods (longitudinal and cross-sectional survey studies, an “example generation”-task). The results showed that off-job crafting was related to optimal functioning over time, especially in the off-job domain but also in the job domain. Moreover, the novel off-job crafting scale had good convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability. To conclude, our series of studies in various countries show that off-job crafting can enhance optimal functioning in different life domains and support people in performing their duties sustainably. Therefore, shaping off-job life may be beneficial in an intensified and continually changing and challenging working life.
KW - DRAMMA model
KW - integrative needs model of crafting
KW - leisure crafting
KW - needs satisfaction
KW - needs-based
KW - off-job crafting
KW - optimal functioning
KW - validation
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85140046461&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.959296
DO - 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.959296
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85140046461
SN - 1664-1078
VL - 13
JO - Frontiers in Psychology
JF - Frontiers in Psychology
M1 - 959296
ER -