TY - JOUR
T1 - Novel conserved structural domains of acrosome reaction-inducing substance are widespread in invertebrates
AU - Naruse, Masahiro
AU - Ishikawa, Riho
AU - Sakaya, Hiroshi
AU - Moriyama, Hideaki
AU - Hoshi, Motonori
AU - Matsumoto, Midori
PY - 2011/1
Y1 - 2011/1
N2 - In the starfish Asterias amurensis, acrosome reaction inducing substance (ARIS) is the main factor responsible for allowing sperm to recognize the egg jelly and begin the acrosome reaction (AR). ARIS is a large proteoglycan-like molecule, and its pentasaccharide repeat, Fragment 1 (Fr. 1), is responsible for inducing AR. Here, we investigated the primary structure of ARIS for the first time in order to improve our understanding of its functionality. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that ARIS is a complex of three proteins, all of which are modified by the Fr. 1 sugar chain. Sequencing indicated that there are two novel, conserved domains in all three ARIS proteins: ARIS N-terminus (AR-N) and ARIS C-terminus (AR-C) domains. We also found that other echinoderms possess ARIS proteins that are capable of inducing the AR for homologous sperm, indicating that ARIS proteins may be a ubiquitous component for echinoderm fertilization. Moreover, we identified ARIS-like genes from Ctenophora to Protochordata.
AB - In the starfish Asterias amurensis, acrosome reaction inducing substance (ARIS) is the main factor responsible for allowing sperm to recognize the egg jelly and begin the acrosome reaction (AR). ARIS is a large proteoglycan-like molecule, and its pentasaccharide repeat, Fragment 1 (Fr. 1), is responsible for inducing AR. Here, we investigated the primary structure of ARIS for the first time in order to improve our understanding of its functionality. Electrophoretic analysis revealed that ARIS is a complex of three proteins, all of which are modified by the Fr. 1 sugar chain. Sequencing indicated that there are two novel, conserved domains in all three ARIS proteins: ARIS N-terminus (AR-N) and ARIS C-terminus (AR-C) domains. We also found that other echinoderms possess ARIS proteins that are capable of inducing the AR for homologous sperm, indicating that ARIS proteins may be a ubiquitous component for echinoderm fertilization. Moreover, we identified ARIS-like genes from Ctenophora to Protochordata.
KW - Acrosome reaction
KW - Egg coat structure
KW - Invertebrate
KW - Sugar chain recognition
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U2 - 10.1002/mrd.21274
DO - 10.1002/mrd.21274
M3 - Article
C2 - 21268183
AN - SCOPUS:79251527266
SN - 1040-452X
VL - 78
SP - 57
EP - 66
JO - Molecular reproduction and development
JF - Molecular reproduction and development
IS - 1
ER -