TY - JOUR
T1 - Psychosocial Factors of Overtime Work in Relation to Work-Nonwork Balance
T2 - a Multilevel Structural Equation Modeling Analysis of Nurses Working in Hospitals
AU - Watanabe, Mayumi
AU - Yamauchi, Keita
N1 - Funding Information:
This hypothesis was partly supported by the results of the present study. Contrary to our hypothesis, the result of EFA demonstrated that voluntary overtime work was differentiated into two factors: voluntary overtime work due to intrinsic motivations and voluntary overtime work due to extrinsic motivations. This can be explained by the motivation theory that differentiates between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation []. Intrinsic motivation is an activity engaged in for its own sake, for some inherent pleasure or satisfaction. Extrinsic motivation is an activity to seek out anticipated satisfaction obtained from motivation such as money or reputation. It was confirmed that in regard with voluntary overwork, these two motivation concepts were empirically distinguished.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016, International Society of Behavioral Medicine.
PY - 2016/8/1
Y1 - 2016/8/1
N2 - Purpose: Few studies have investigated the impact of psychosocial factors on overwork and employee well-being while taking into account the complex relationships between such factors and the effect of workplace. The present study aimed to examine the association between psychosocial factors of overtime work and work-nonwork balance using a multilevel structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. Methods: A survey was conducted among nurses working in three hospitals (n = 603) in Japan. After confirming the constructs of the factors by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA), a multilevel SEM was conducted to investigate the direct and indirect effects of involuntary and voluntary overtime work on work-nonwork balance at both individual and workplace levels. Results: Both involuntary and voluntary overtime work factors were further differentiated into two factors (four factors in total). Involuntary overtime work directly decreased work-nonwork balance on both levels; voluntary overtime work had a direct positive effect. However, voluntary overtime work had a negative indirect effect on work-nonwork balance satisfaction. Conclusions: The use of multilevel SEM techniques to evaluate the association of clinical factors with work-nonwork balance demonstrated that involuntary overtime work has a negative effect on work-nonwork balance and voluntary overtime work had a positive direct effect but a negative indirect effect.
AB - Purpose: Few studies have investigated the impact of psychosocial factors on overwork and employee well-being while taking into account the complex relationships between such factors and the effect of workplace. The present study aimed to examine the association between psychosocial factors of overtime work and work-nonwork balance using a multilevel structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. Methods: A survey was conducted among nurses working in three hospitals (n = 603) in Japan. After confirming the constructs of the factors by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA), a multilevel SEM was conducted to investigate the direct and indirect effects of involuntary and voluntary overtime work on work-nonwork balance at both individual and workplace levels. Results: Both involuntary and voluntary overtime work factors were further differentiated into two factors (four factors in total). Involuntary overtime work directly decreased work-nonwork balance on both levels; voluntary overtime work had a direct positive effect. However, voluntary overtime work had a negative indirect effect on work-nonwork balance satisfaction. Conclusions: The use of multilevel SEM techniques to evaluate the association of clinical factors with work-nonwork balance demonstrated that involuntary overtime work has a negative effect on work-nonwork balance and voluntary overtime work had a positive direct effect but a negative indirect effect.
KW - Extrinsic motivation
KW - Intrinsic motivation
KW - Involuntary
KW - Overtime
KW - Voluntary
KW - Work-nonwork balance
KW - Workplace
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84964319084&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84964319084&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s12529-016-9563-x
DO - 10.1007/s12529-016-9563-x
M3 - Article
C2 - 27102432
AN - SCOPUS:84964319084
SN - 1070-5503
VL - 23
SP - 492
EP - 500
JO - International Journal of Behavioral Medicine
JF - International Journal of Behavioral Medicine
IS - 4
ER -