TY - JOUR
T1 - Rapamycin treatment causes developmental delay, pigmentation defects, and gastrointestinal malformation on Xenopus embryogenesis
AU - Moriyama, Yuki
AU - Ohata, Yoshihisa
AU - Mori, Shoko
AU - Matsukawa, Shinya
AU - Michiue, Tatsuo
AU - Asashima, Makoto
AU - Kuroda, Hiroki
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Prof. Ryuichi Nishinakamura, Prof. Tatsuya Maeda, Prof. Ushio Kikkawa, and Prof. Kenta Hara for DNA constructs, Hideyuki Ishibashi and Yoshito Tajima for preliminary experiments for this work, and Prof. Takashi Ushimaru for good suggestions on our study. This research was supported by the grants-in-aid received from the Shizuoka Research Institute .
PY - 2011/1/28
Y1 - 2011/1/28
N2 - Rapamycin is a drug working as an inhibitor of the TOR (target of rapamycin) signaling pathway and influences various life phenomena such as cell growth, proliferation, and life span extension in eukaryote. However, the extent to which rapamycin controls early developmental events of amphibians remains to be understood. Here we report an examination of rapamycin effects during Xenopus early development, followed by a confirmation of suppression of TOR downstream kinase S6K by rapamycin treatment. First, we found that developmental speed was declined in dose-dependent manner of rapamycin. Second, black pigment spots located at dorsal and lateral skin in tadpoles were reduced by rapamycin treatment. Moreover, in tadpole stages severe gastrointestinal malformations were observed in rapamycin-treated embryos. Taken together with these results, we conclude that treatment of the drug rapamycin causes enormous influences on early developmental period.
AB - Rapamycin is a drug working as an inhibitor of the TOR (target of rapamycin) signaling pathway and influences various life phenomena such as cell growth, proliferation, and life span extension in eukaryote. However, the extent to which rapamycin controls early developmental events of amphibians remains to be understood. Here we report an examination of rapamycin effects during Xenopus early development, followed by a confirmation of suppression of TOR downstream kinase S6K by rapamycin treatment. First, we found that developmental speed was declined in dose-dependent manner of rapamycin. Second, black pigment spots located at dorsal and lateral skin in tadpoles were reduced by rapamycin treatment. Moreover, in tadpole stages severe gastrointestinal malformations were observed in rapamycin-treated embryos. Taken together with these results, we conclude that treatment of the drug rapamycin causes enormous influences on early developmental period.
KW - Gastrointestinal malformation
KW - Pigmentation
KW - Rapamycin
KW - TOR
KW - Xenopus
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U2 - 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.093
DO - 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.12.093
M3 - Article
C2 - 21187064
AN - SCOPUS:79151481477
SN - 0006-291X
VL - 404
SP - 974
EP - 978
JO - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
JF - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
IS - 4
ER -