Receptor specific downregulation of cytokine signaling by autophosphorylation in the FERM domain of Jak2

The tyrosine kinase, Janus kinase-2 (Jak2), plays a pivotal role in signal transduction through a variety of cytokine receptors, including the receptor for erythropoietin (Epo). Although the physiological relevance of Jak2 has been definitively established, less is known about its regulation. In studies assessing the roles of sites of tyrosine phosphorylation, we identified Y ¹¹⁹ in the FERM (band 4.1, Ezrin, radixin and moesin) domain as a phosphorylation site. In these studies, we demonstrate that the phosphorylation of Y¹¹⁹ in response to Epo downregulates Jak2 kinase activity. Using a phosphorylation mimic mutation (Y¹¹⁹E), downregulation is shown to involve dissociation of Jak2 from the receptor complex. Conversely, a Y ¹¹⁹F mutant is more stably associated with the receptor complex. Thus, in cytokine responses, ligand binding induces activation of receptor associated Jak2, autophosphorylation of Y¹¹⁹ in the FERM domain and the subsequent dissociation of the activated Jak2 from the receptor and degradation. This regulation occurs with the receptors for Epo, thrombopoietin and growth hormone but not with the receptor for interferon-γ.