Ride-Sharing Matching between Multiple Passengers Using Hypergraphs

This study deals with ride-sharing systems, which are expected to alleviate traffic congestion and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Although ride-sharing systems have been defined variously in the literature, this study assumes that individual passengers share a vehicle for transportation and split the cost of transportation, such as gasoline, tolls, and parking fees, with other passengers who have similar transportation needs. In this study, the combination of multiple passengers is determined by matching using hypergraph. Then, the amount paid by passengers is determined as the Nash bargaining solution to design a price that takes into account passengers' preferences regarding time and fare. Through simulation verification, it is confirmed that the combination of multiple passengers reduces carbon dioxide emissions and drivers, and that the design of the payment amount using the Nash bargaining solution guarantees the gain for the passengers.