Surgical Predictors for Prevention of Postoperative Shoulder Imbalance in Lenke Type 2A Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

Tatsuya Sato, Ikuho Yonezawa, Hiroko Matsumoto, Nao Otomo, Teppei Suzuki, Nodoka Manabe, Satoru Demura, Kota Watanabe, Toshiki Saito, Ayato Nohara, Takuto Kurakawa, Takachika Shimizu, Koki Uno, Morio Matsumoto, Noriaki Kawakami

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Study Design. Multicenter, retrospective cohort study. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and surgical predictors of postoperative shoulder imbalance (PSI) in Lenke type 2A adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Summary of Background Data. Although several studies have investigated the factors influencing PSI in Lenke type 2 curves, no studies have analyzed PSI-related factors considering upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) and lumbar modifier type simultaneously. Methods. Patients with Lenke Type 2A AIS treated by spinal fusion were retrospectively identified and their data were extracted from six spine centers in Japan. Inclusion criteria were age between 10 and 20years at surgery, UIV=T2, major curve 408 to 908, and follow-up for 24 to 30months after surgery. We analyzed patient characteristics, surgical characteristics, and preoperative and immediate-postoperative radiographic parameters. We defined patients with lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) equal or proximal to the last touching vertebra (LTV) as selective thoracic fusion (STF-LTV) and patients with LIV distal to the LTV as non-STF-LTV. t Tests, Mann-Whitney U test, χ2 tests, Fisher exact tests, and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analyses. Results. Among the 99 consecutive patients with a mean follow-up of 25.6months, PSI was seen in 27 (27.3%) patients immediately after and in 17 (17.2%) patients at 24 to 30months. The univariate analysis revealed that the significant risk factors of PSI were preoperative radiographical shoulder height, non-STF-LTV, and high main thoracic curve (MTC) correction (immediate-postoperative MTC correction rate: ≥70%), with PSI incidence of 40.0%. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that interaction term of non-STF-LTV and high MTC correction was an independent risk factor for PSI (non-STF-LTV and high MTC correction, odds ratio: 5.167, 95% confidence interval: 1.470-18.159, P=0.010). Conclusion. To prevent PSI in Lenke Type 2A AIS patients, surgeons should avoid the combination of non-STF-LTV and high MTC correction in those surgeries with UIV as T2.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)E132-E141
JournalSpine
Volume47
Issue number4
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2022 Feb 15

Keywords

  • Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
  • Double thoracic curve
  • Fusion length
  • Lenke Type 2A
  • Lower instrumented vertebra
  • Posterior correction and spinal fusion
  • Postoperative shoulder imbalance
  • Radiographic shoulder height
  • Selective thoracic fusion
  • Upper instrumented vertebra

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Orthopedics and Sports Medicine
  • Clinical Neurology

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