Two novel 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB) analogues differentially activate and inhibit store-operated Ca2+ entry via STIM proteins

Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) or calcium release-activated calcium current (I_CRAC) is a critical pathway to replenish intracellular calcium stores, and plays indispensable roles in cellular functions such as antigen-induced T lymphocyte activation. Despite the importance of I_CRAC in cellular functions, lack of potent and specific inhibitor has limited the approaches to the function of I_CRAC in native cells. 2-Aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB) is a widely used SOCE/I_CRAC inhibitor, while its effect is rather unspecific. In the attempt to develop more potent and selective compounds here we identified two structurally isomeric 2-APB analogues that are 100-fold more potent than 2-APB itself. One of the 2-APB analogues activates and inhibits endogenous SOCE depending on the concentration while the other only inhibits it. The 2-APB analogue inhibits store depletion-mediated STIM1 clustering as well as heterologously expressed CRAC current. Together with the observation that, unlike 2-APB, the analogue compounds failed to activate CRACM3/Orai3 current in the absence of STIM, our results suggest that inhibition and activation of SOCE/I_CRAC by the 2-APB analogues is mediated by STIM.