TY - JOUR
T1 - Ultraprecision cutting of single-crystal calcium fluoride for fabricating micro flow cells
AU - Komiya, Ryo
AU - Kimura, Tetsunari
AU - Nomura, Takashi
AU - Kubo, Minoru
AU - Yan, Jiwang
N1 - Funding Information:
This research has been financially supported by the 34th research grant from the Machine Tool Engineering Foundation. The authors thank Dr. Y. Ikemoto for her technical support for the IR experiment at BL43IR of SPring-8 with the approval of JASRI (2015B1247).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers.
PY - 2018
Y1 - 2018
N2 - Single-crystal infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a promising method for protein structure analysis, where a protein crystal sample is fixed in a micro flow cell. Single-crystal calcium fluoride (CaF2) is expected as the flow cell substrate material for its excellent optical property. However, CaF2 is a highly brittle material having strong anisotropy, thus is extremely difficult to machine. Up to date, there is no available literature on fabrication of CaF2 flow cells. In this study, micro flow cells of single-crystal CaF2 were fabricated by ultraprecision cutting technology. Fly cutting was conducted using a single-crystal diamond tool having straight edges to generate a depth-varying rectangle cross section for the flow cell. The effects of cutting direction, workpiece orientation, undeformed chip thickness and tool rake angle on cutting behavior were investigated. Based on experiments and analysis, optimal conditions for ductile machining of micro grooves in CaF2 were identified. As a result, a 10 μm deep CaF2 micro flow cell with surface roughness of 2.4 nmRa was successfully fabricated. Using the fabricated flow cell, IR spectroscopic analysis of a protein single crystal at room temperature was succeeded. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of ultraprecision cutting technology in CaF2 micro flow cell fabrication, which contributes to the IR analysis of protein, and in turn, the advance of life science.
AB - Single-crystal infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a promising method for protein structure analysis, where a protein crystal sample is fixed in a micro flow cell. Single-crystal calcium fluoride (CaF2) is expected as the flow cell substrate material for its excellent optical property. However, CaF2 is a highly brittle material having strong anisotropy, thus is extremely difficult to machine. Up to date, there is no available literature on fabrication of CaF2 flow cells. In this study, micro flow cells of single-crystal CaF2 were fabricated by ultraprecision cutting technology. Fly cutting was conducted using a single-crystal diamond tool having straight edges to generate a depth-varying rectangle cross section for the flow cell. The effects of cutting direction, workpiece orientation, undeformed chip thickness and tool rake angle on cutting behavior were investigated. Based on experiments and analysis, optimal conditions for ductile machining of micro grooves in CaF2 were identified. As a result, a 10 μm deep CaF2 micro flow cell with surface roughness of 2.4 nmRa was successfully fabricated. Using the fabricated flow cell, IR spectroscopic analysis of a protein single crystal at room temperature was succeeded. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of ultraprecision cutting technology in CaF2 micro flow cell fabrication, which contributes to the IR analysis of protein, and in turn, the advance of life science.
KW - Calcium fluoride
KW - Ductile machining
KW - Micro flow cell
KW - Single crystal
KW - Ultraprecision cutting
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U2 - 10.1299/jamdsm.2018jamdsm0021
DO - 10.1299/jamdsm.2018jamdsm0021
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85042282941
SN - 1881-3054
VL - 12
JO - Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems and Manufacturing
JF - Journal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems and Manufacturing
IS - 1
M1 - JAMDSM0021
ER -