Blood Presence Density Mapping via Photoacoustics: A New Quantitative Tool for Lower Limb Varicose Vein Assessment

Varicose veins are a common condition, but their diagnosis often relies on subjective methods leading to observer variability. A more objective assessment is needed. This study introduces a novel quantitative method using photoacoustic imaging to evaluate lower extremity varicose veins. We developed an index called Blood Presence Density, which quantifies local blood volume from three-dimensional photoacoustic images. The study involved five patients with seven lower extremities affected by varicose veins. Photoacoustic images were acquired, and Blood Presence Density heat maps were generated. The results showed that values were consistently and significantly higher in varicose vein areas compared to the surrounding tissue. This technique provides high-resolution visualization of vascular structures and an intuitive map of blood distribution. Photoacoustic imaging combined with this new index is a promising noninvasive and quantitative tool for improving the diagnosis, monitoring, and early detection of varicose veins.