Bubble formation at a single orifice in non-Newtonian liquids

The effects of various factors on the volumes and shapes of bubbles formed at a single orifice submerged in non-Newtonian liquids, such as physical properties of liquids, gas chamber volume, orifice diameter and gas flow rate were studied. To clarify the bubble formation mechanism, the bubble volume, bubble shape and gas chamber pressure during the bubble growth were measured simultaneously. A revised non-spherical bubble formation model was proposed to describe the bubble formation mechanism in non-Newtonian liquids. The bubble volume, bubble shape and pressure change in the gas chamber calculated by this model agreed well with the experimental results over a wide range of rheological characteristics of liquids.