Direct numerical simulation of spatially developing turbulent boundary layer for skin friction drag reduction by wall surface-heating or cooling

Mathematics

• Drag Reduction 100%
• Turbulent Boundary Layer 90%
• Direct numerical Simulation 82%
• Skin Friction 77%
• Cooling 74%
• Heating 69%
• Drag 53%
• Reynolds Stress 47%
• Shear Stress 36%
• Power Saving 23%
• Channel Flow 20%
• Buoyancy 19%
• Pressure Gradient 18%
• Prandtl number 18%
• Boundary Layer Flow 17%
• Augmentation 17%
• Reynolds number 15%
• Kinematics 14%
• Trends 14%
• Viscosity 13%
• Boundary Layer 13%
• Decompose 9%
• Range of data 8%
• Zero 7%

Physics & Astronomy

• friction drag 89%
• drag reduction 74%
• skin friction 68%
• turbulent boundary layer 62%
• direct numerical simulation 57%
• cooling 39%
• heating 36%
• Reynolds stress 32%
• shear stress 26%
• Richardson number 20%
• boundary layer thickness 18%
• boundary layer flow 16%
• free flow 16%
• channel flow 15%
• Prandtl number 15%
• buoyancy 15%
• pressure gradients 14%
• drag 13%
• kinematics 12%
• Reynolds number 12%
• decomposition 10%
• trends 10%
• viscosity 10%
• augmentation 8%
• temperature 4%

Engineering & Materials Science

• Direct numerical simulation 73%
• Drag reduction 70%
• Skin friction 67%
• Boundary layers 54%
• Heating 41%
• Cooling 40%
• Drag 39%
• Shear stress 26%
• Boundary layer flow 18%
• Prandtl number 17%
• Channel flow 16%
• Pressure gradient 15%
• Buoyancy 15%
• Reynolds number 12%
• Viscosity 11%
• Decomposition 10%
• Temperature 5%