Electrospinning and surface modification methods for functionalized cell scaffolds

For tissue engineering scaffolds, fibrous structures are effective due to morphology similar to that of extracellular matrix. Cell attachment and its proliferation could be enhanced by the structural optimization and the surface modification of the scaffolds. In this chapter, effective techniques for making optimal scaffolds, including electrospinning and surface modification methods, will be discussed. Electrospinning is a process whereby polymer nanofibers can be formed in an electrostatic field. The nanoscale diameter and the high porosity of the electrospun scaffolds-that actually resemble the structure of the extracellular matrices-can provide favorable environment for cells. Moreover, the addition of desirable functionalities to the scaffolds by surface modification techniques, such as plasma treatment and surface graft copolymerization, offers considerable advantages, eventually enhancing cell attachment and cell proliferation. We will discuss several successful cases made via well-controlled structures and surfaces that will lead to form new highly functionalized scaffolds.