LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction is essentially involved in the pathogenesis of delayed-type hypersensitivity-induced liver injury to picryl chloride

The kinetics of lymphocyte function associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) expression on spleen cells (SPC) and liver non-parenchymal cells (NPC), and intercellular adhesion molecule I (ICAM-1) expression on hepatocytes (HC) was examined in acute liver injury mice induced by a DTH reaction to picryl chloride (PCl). The peak expression of LFA-1 on SPC was seen at 6 hr after eliciting liver injury, and then that of LFA-1 on NPC and ICAM-1 on HC appeared at 12 hr. Thereafter, the serum ALT elevation reached to a peak at 18 hr. A splenectomy before the PCl elicitation significantly reduced the ALT elevation. Both SPC and NPC from liver injury mice induced a remarkable release of ALT from HC in vitro, in parallel with their LFA-1 expression. The pre-treatment of NPC or SPC with anti-LFA-1 mAb, irrespective of the presence of complement, completely block the ALT release. Also, when HC was prebound with anti-ICAM-1 mAb, neither NPC nor SPC showed a cytotoxicity against the HC. Furthermore, the treatment of NPC with either anti-Thyl.2 or anti-CD4 mAb in the presence but not absence of complement, showed a complete abolishment of ALT release. Anti-CD8 mAb plus complement also tended to inhibit ALT release. The twofold increase in CD4⁺ LFA-1⁺ and mild increase in CD8⁺ LFA-1⁺ populations were also confirmed in NPC at 12 hr. These results suggest that PCl elicitation in liver may trigger an increased expression of LFA-1 on SPC and NPC and ICAM-1 on HC. LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction between liver -infiltrating NPC, mainly including CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, and HC may be an essential step for the hepatocyte damage in PCl-DTH liver injury.