TY - JOUR
T1 - Mechanisms of stem cell therapy in spinal cord injuries
AU - Shinozaki, Munehisa
AU - Nagoshi, Narihito
AU - Nakamura, Masaya
AU - Okano, Hideyuki
N1 - Funding Information:
The APC was funded by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED; grant nos. 19bm0204001h007 and 19bk0104017h002 to H.O. and M.N.). We appreciate the assistance provided by S. Shibata, J. Koyama, S. Nori, O. Tsuji, K. Sugai, and S. Kawashima, all of whom are members of the spinal cord research team in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. This work was supported by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED; grant nos. 19bm0204001h007 and 19bk0104017h002 to H.O. and M.N.).
Funding Information:
Funding: The APC was funded by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED; grant nos. 19bm0204001h007 and 19bk0104017h002 to H.O. and M.N.).
Funding Information:
Acknowledgments: We appreciate the assistance provided by S. Shibata, J. Koyama, S. Nori, O. Tsuji, K. Sugai, and S. Kawashima, all of whom are members of the spinal cord research team in the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. This work was supported by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED; grant nos. 19bm0204001h007 and 19bk0104017h002 to H.O. and M.N.).
Funding Information:
Conflicts of Interest: H.O. declared a leadership position at Keio University School of Medicine and is a compensated scientific consultant for San BioCo. Ltd. and K Pharma Inc. M.N. declared a consultancy role with K-Pharma Inc. and research funding from RMic and Hisamitsu. The other authors declared no potential conflicts of interest.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/10
Y1 - 2021/10
N2 - Every year, 0.93 million people worldwide suffer from spinal cord injury (SCI) with irre-trievable sequelae. Rehabilitation, currently the only available treatment, does not restore damaged tissues; therefore, the functional recovery of patients remains limited. The pathophysiology of spinal cord injuries is heterogeneous, implying that potential therapeutic targets differ depending on the time of injury onset, the degree of injury, or the spinal level of injury. In recent years, despite a significant number of clinical trials based on various types of stem cells, these aspects of injury have not been effectively considered, resulting in difficult outcomes of trials. In a specialty such as can-cerology, precision medicine based on a patient’s characteristics has brought indisputable therapeutic advances. The objective of the present review is to promote the development of precision medicine in the field of SCI. Here, we first describe the multifaceted pathophysiology of SCI, with the temporal changes after injury, the characteristics of the chronic phase, and the subtypes of complete injury. We then detail the appropriate targets and related mechanisms of the different types of stem cell therapy for each pathological condition. Finally, we highlight the great potential of stem cell therapy in cervical SCI.
AB - Every year, 0.93 million people worldwide suffer from spinal cord injury (SCI) with irre-trievable sequelae. Rehabilitation, currently the only available treatment, does not restore damaged tissues; therefore, the functional recovery of patients remains limited. The pathophysiology of spinal cord injuries is heterogeneous, implying that potential therapeutic targets differ depending on the time of injury onset, the degree of injury, or the spinal level of injury. In recent years, despite a significant number of clinical trials based on various types of stem cells, these aspects of injury have not been effectively considered, resulting in difficult outcomes of trials. In a specialty such as can-cerology, precision medicine based on a patient’s characteristics has brought indisputable therapeutic advances. The objective of the present review is to promote the development of precision medicine in the field of SCI. Here, we first describe the multifaceted pathophysiology of SCI, with the temporal changes after injury, the characteristics of the chronic phase, and the subtypes of complete injury. We then detail the appropriate targets and related mechanisms of the different types of stem cell therapy for each pathological condition. Finally, we highlight the great potential of stem cell therapy in cervical SCI.
KW - Activities of daily living
KW - Complete injury
KW - Spinal cord injury
KW - Stem cell therapy
KW - Target of clinical trial
KW - Translational research
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85116340545&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85116340545&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/cells10102676
DO - 10.3390/cells10102676
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34685655
AN - SCOPUS:85116340545
SN - 2073-4409
VL - 10
JO - Cells
JF - Cells
IS - 10
M1 - 2676
ER -