Metal modified carbon-based electrode for CO₂ electrochemical reduction: A review

The carbon-based electrode has been widely used for electrochemical analysis and synthesis. It is relatively inert for hydrogen evolution in the negative potential range, which is suitable for CO₂ electrochemical reduction. In improving the catalytic activity, a modification of metal particles is commonly used on its surface. Various metal particles have been reported with multiple modification methods, including electrochemical and physical methods. In this report, the utilization of different metal particles, including metal oxide, metal hydroxide, and metal complexes, which are modified on carbon-based electrodes for CO₂ electrochemical reduction application is specifically reviewed. This review is expected to provide comprehensive information on related topics.