Morphology control of polymer materials by using crystals

Morphologies of organic and inorganic polymer materials are controlled by using crystals. This article focuses on morphology control of organic polymer materials. The interspace, surface, and structure of crystals were used for morphology control of polymer materials, such as redoxactive polymers. The hierarchical morphology consisting of the oriented nanocrystals, such as biominerals, was used for the morphology replication from the crystals to the polymers. The hierarchical morphology of polymer materials from nanoscopic to macroscopic scales showed the improved electrochemical and adsorbent properties. The crystal surface was used for synthesis and morphology control of polymer materials. The surface of oxidant crystals formed the hierarchical morphology of conductive polymers. The layered crystal structure of the monomer used for the morphology control through the intercalation and the exfoliation. The metal-ionintercalated polydiacetylene showed tunable stimuliresponsive color-change properties. The exfoliation of the layered polydiacetylene generated the nanosheets. These approaches can be applied to morphology control of a variety of polymer materials.