Neuroanatomy of the marmoset

Neuroanatomy provides a solid basis for identifying and manipulating the neuronal circuits underlying brain functions. The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a relatively new primate model used in a broad range of biomedical research fields, including neuroscience. The marmoset brain shares a number of similarities with the human brain, including hierarchically organized sensory cortices and a highly developed prefrontal cortex. Here, we review the basic neuroanatomical organization of the marmoset brain by emphasizing the similarities and differences between the brains of marmosets and other primate species. Then, we discuss open questions and challenges associated with analyzing the neuroanatomical organization of marmoset brains.