Platelet adhesion and adhesive proteins--how to measure the platelet adhesiveness

We examined, platelet adhesive function in vivo by comparing the platelet retention rate (PRR) with other laboratory tests. In 71 patients, PRR did not correlate with bleeding time (BT), ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination (RIPA), vWF:AG, vWF:RCo, FVIII:C, fibrinogen, platelets counts or platelet aggregation tests. Among them, the coincidence rate of PRR with BT seems relatively better than that of other tests. In patients with Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS), PRR, RIPA and high shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPA), measured using a cone-plate type instrument, were decreased, while platelet adhesion in a static system and SIPA at a low shear rate were normal. In patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (TA), PRR and SIPA were decreased at both high and low shear rates, while RIPA and platelet adhesion were normal in a static system. In patients with deficient glycoprotein Ia/IIa complex which is one of the putative receptors for collagen, platelet adhesion in a static system is markedly decreased. In patients with von Willebrand disease, the pattern of platelet adhesion tests was similar to that of BSS patients, while in patients with afibrinogenemia, it was similar to that of TA patients except for SIPA at a high shear rate. The various experiments using monoclonal antibodies support these abnormalities. These findings, suggest that PRR is a suitable screening test, but further rapid and easy tests will be necessary to diagnose the defects of platelet adhesion at various shear rates.