TY - JOUR
T1 - Precise mapping and dynamics of tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) in the development of Triops cancriformis (tadpole shrimp)
AU - Hirose, Yuka
AU - Ikeda, Kahori T.
AU - Noro, Emiko
AU - Hiraoka, Kiriko
AU - Tomita, Masaru
AU - Kanai, Akio
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Keiji Igarashi (Tohoku University of Community Service and Science, Japan) for sharing his extensive knowledge of the tadpole shrimp. We also thank all the members of the RNA group at the Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Japan, for their insightful discussions. This research was supported, in part, by research funds from the Yamagata Prefectural Government and Tsuruoka City, Japan, and a research fund from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Hirose et al.
PY - 2015/7/14
Y1 - 2015/7/14
N2 - Background: In a deep sequencing analysis of small RNAs prepared from a living fossil, the tadpole shrimp Triops cancriformis, a 32-nt small RNA was specifically detected in the adult stage. A nucleotide sequence comparison between the 32-nt small RNA and predicted tRNA sequences in the draft nuclear genomic DNA showed that the small RNA was derived from tRNAGly(GCC). To determine the overall features of the tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) of T. cancriformis, the small RNA sequences in each of the six developmental stages (egg, 1st - 4th instar larvae, and adult) were compared with the mitochondrial and nuclear tRNA sequences. Results: We found that the tRFs were derived from mitochondrial and nuclear tRNAs corresponding to 16 and 39 anticodons, respectively. The total read number of nuclear tRFs was approximately 400 times larger than the number of mitochondrial tRFs. Interestingly, the main regions in each parental tRNA from which these tRFs were derived differed, depending on the parental anticodon. Mitochondrial tRFSer(GCU)s were abundantly produced from the 5' half regions of the parental tRNA, whereas mitochondrial tRFVal(UAC)s were mainly produced from the 3' end regions. Highly abundant nuclear tRFs, tRFGly(GCC)s, tRFGly(CCC)s, tRFGlu(CUC)s, and tRFLys(CUU)s were derived from the 5' half regions of the parental tRNAs. Further analysis of the tRF read counts in the individual developmental stages suggested that the expression of mitochondrial and nuclear tRFs differed during the six stages. Based on these data, we precisely summarized the positions of the tRFs in their parental tRNAs and their expression changes during development. Conclusions: Our results reveal the entire dynamics of the tRFs from both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of T. cancriformis and indicate that the majority of tRFs in the cell are derived from nuclear tRNAs. This study provides the first examples of developmentally expressed mitochondrial tRFs.
AB - Background: In a deep sequencing analysis of small RNAs prepared from a living fossil, the tadpole shrimp Triops cancriformis, a 32-nt small RNA was specifically detected in the adult stage. A nucleotide sequence comparison between the 32-nt small RNA and predicted tRNA sequences in the draft nuclear genomic DNA showed that the small RNA was derived from tRNAGly(GCC). To determine the overall features of the tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) of T. cancriformis, the small RNA sequences in each of the six developmental stages (egg, 1st - 4th instar larvae, and adult) were compared with the mitochondrial and nuclear tRNA sequences. Results: We found that the tRFs were derived from mitochondrial and nuclear tRNAs corresponding to 16 and 39 anticodons, respectively. The total read number of nuclear tRFs was approximately 400 times larger than the number of mitochondrial tRFs. Interestingly, the main regions in each parental tRNA from which these tRFs were derived differed, depending on the parental anticodon. Mitochondrial tRFSer(GCU)s were abundantly produced from the 5' half regions of the parental tRNA, whereas mitochondrial tRFVal(UAC)s were mainly produced from the 3' end regions. Highly abundant nuclear tRFs, tRFGly(GCC)s, tRFGly(CCC)s, tRFGlu(CUC)s, and tRFLys(CUU)s were derived from the 5' half regions of the parental tRNAs. Further analysis of the tRF read counts in the individual developmental stages suggested that the expression of mitochondrial and nuclear tRFs differed during the six stages. Based on these data, we precisely summarized the positions of the tRFs in their parental tRNAs and their expression changes during development. Conclusions: Our results reveal the entire dynamics of the tRFs from both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of T. cancriformis and indicate that the majority of tRFs in the cell are derived from nuclear tRNAs. This study provides the first examples of developmentally expressed mitochondrial tRFs.
KW - Deep sequencing analysis
KW - Development
KW - Tadpole shrimp
KW - Transfer RNA
KW - tRNA-derived fragment
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U2 - 10.1186/s12863-015-0245-5
DO - 10.1186/s12863-015-0245-5
M3 - Article
C2 - 26168920
AN - SCOPUS:84937033840
SN - 1471-2156
VL - 16
JO - BMC Genetics
JF - BMC Genetics
IS - 1
M1 - 83
ER -