TY - JOUR
T1 - Recent trends in pediatric bacterial meningitis in Japan, 2016–2018 – S. agalactiae has been the most common pathogen
AU - Shinjoh, Masayoshi
AU - Yamaguchi, Yoshio
AU - Furuichi, Munehiro
AU - Yaginuma, Mizuki
AU - Takahashi, Takao
AU - Iwata, Satoshi
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases
PY - 2020/10
Y1 - 2020/10
N2 - Background: Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine and pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV) have been widely used since 2010 in Japan. The overall incidence of bacterial meningitis decreased thereafter. Streptococcus agalactiae has become the main organism. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the incidence rate per 1000 admissions of bacterial meningitis and the change in causative organisms in subsequent years. Methods: A cross-sectional, multicenter, non-interventional retrospective study regarding pediatric bacterial meningitis was conducted in Japan in 2019. We analyzed the epidemiological and clinical data for 2016–2018, and compared the information obtained in our previous nationwide survey database. We also investigated the risk factors for disease outcome. Results: In the 2016–2018 surveys, 197 patients from 153 hospitals from all prefectures were evaluated. S. agalactiae (0–3 months, 39%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (2–112 months, 20%), and E. coli (0–136 months, 13%) were the main organisms. The total number of patients hospitalized with bacterial meningitis per 1000 admissions decreased from 1.00 to 1.68 in 2000–2010 to 0.38 in 2013–2015, bu remained stable thereafter (0.35–0.40 in 2016–2018). Only one case with Neisseria meningitidis was reported. Nine cases with death were reported, including four cases with S. agalactiae. Risk factors for death and sequelae were consciousness disturbance, duration of convulsion, low CSF glucose levels, and disuse of dexamethasone (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The incidence in pediatric bacterial meningitis remained low, and S. agalactiae remains the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in Japan since 2012. S. pneumoniae is the most common cause after 3 months of age.
AB - Background: Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine and pneumococcal conjugated vaccine (PCV) have been widely used since 2010 in Japan. The overall incidence of bacterial meningitis decreased thereafter. Streptococcus agalactiae has become the main organism. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the incidence rate per 1000 admissions of bacterial meningitis and the change in causative organisms in subsequent years. Methods: A cross-sectional, multicenter, non-interventional retrospective study regarding pediatric bacterial meningitis was conducted in Japan in 2019. We analyzed the epidemiological and clinical data for 2016–2018, and compared the information obtained in our previous nationwide survey database. We also investigated the risk factors for disease outcome. Results: In the 2016–2018 surveys, 197 patients from 153 hospitals from all prefectures were evaluated. S. agalactiae (0–3 months, 39%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (2–112 months, 20%), and E. coli (0–136 months, 13%) were the main organisms. The total number of patients hospitalized with bacterial meningitis per 1000 admissions decreased from 1.00 to 1.68 in 2000–2010 to 0.38 in 2013–2015, bu remained stable thereafter (0.35–0.40 in 2016–2018). Only one case with Neisseria meningitidis was reported. Nine cases with death were reported, including four cases with S. agalactiae. Risk factors for death and sequelae were consciousness disturbance, duration of convulsion, low CSF glucose levels, and disuse of dexamethasone (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The incidence in pediatric bacterial meningitis remained low, and S. agalactiae remains the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in Japan since 2012. S. pneumoniae is the most common cause after 3 months of age.
KW - Bacterial meningitis
KW - Children
KW - Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine
KW - Pneumococcal conjugated vaccine
KW - Streptococcus agalactiae, risk factors
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.05.018
DO - 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.05.018
M3 - Article
C2 - 32546331
AN - SCOPUS:85086573688
SN - 1341-321X
VL - 26
SP - 1033
EP - 1041
JO - Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
JF - Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy
IS - 10
ER -