The effects of age and abnormal sperm count on the nondisjunction of spermatozoa

Purpose: The effect of paternal age on the nondisjunction of sex chromosomes is controversial. Also, the prevalence of chromosomal anomalies in infertile patients is controversial, it has been reported that the sex chromosomal aneuploidy rate following treatment with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is higher than in naturally conceived pregnancies. We investigated the influence of paternal age and oligozoospermia on the nondisjunction of spermatozoa. Methods: We determined the rate of aneuploidy for gonosomes and autosomes, using two-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of the X and Y chromosomes and chromosomes 12 and 18 in 10 donors under 25 years of age who had a normal sperm count (≥20 X 10⁶/ml), 10 donors over the age of 39 years with idiopathic infertility and normozoospermia (≥20 X 10⁶/ml), and 5 oligozoospermic donors (<20 X 10⁶/ml). Results: There was no obvious relationship between increasing age and autosomal disomy (disomy 12 and disomy 18). Neither autosomal disomy nor diploidy was increased in any group. The frequency of X-, Y-, XX-, and YY- bearing sperm did not differ significantly among groups, but the frequency of XY-bearing sperm was significantly higher in the older infertile group than in the control donors. Conclusions: The incidence of nondisjunction of paternal sex chromosome in meiosis I was higher in older men with idiopathic infertility. The present results suggest that the risk of producing XXY fetuses is higher among men >39 years of age with idiopathic infertility.