TY - JOUR
T1 - Utility of fractional excretion of urea in the differential diagnosis of acute kidney injury in children
AU - Fujita, Hisayo
AU - Shinjo(H), Masayoshi
AU - Ishii, Tomohiro
AU - Awazu, Midori
PY - 2016/3/18
Y1 - 2016/3/18
N2 - Introduction: The fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) has been used as an index for the differential diagnosis of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). The reliability of this index, however, decreases with the use of the diuretic agent furosemide. The fractional excretion of urea nitrogen (FEUN) has been shown to be useful in such settings in adults. The objective of this study was to examine whether FEUN is also useful in these settings in children. Methods: We assessed 102 episodes of AKI in 74 children, classifying these into three groups based on history, physical examination, urine examination and subsequent clinical course: (1) prerenal AKI without furosemide (N = 37), (2) prerenal AKI with furosemide (N = 32) and (3) ATN (N = 33). Results: Of the 37 prerenal AKI episodes without furosemide, 35 showed low FENa of Na. FEUN in the clinical setting of prerenal AKI was lower than that in ATN (27.9 ± 2.1 vs. 51.6 ± 3.8 %, respectively) and, in contrast to FENa, not significantly different between the categories of prerenal AKI with and without furosemide (29.2 ± 3.1 vs. 25.1 ± 2.9, respectively). The sensitivity of FEUN Na was 53 %. Conclusions: FEUN is useful in detecting prerenal AKI in children administered furosemide.
AB - Introduction: The fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) has been used as an index for the differential diagnosis of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI). The reliability of this index, however, decreases with the use of the diuretic agent furosemide. The fractional excretion of urea nitrogen (FEUN) has been shown to be useful in such settings in adults. The objective of this study was to examine whether FEUN is also useful in these settings in children. Methods: We assessed 102 episodes of AKI in 74 children, classifying these into three groups based on history, physical examination, urine examination and subsequent clinical course: (1) prerenal AKI without furosemide (N = 37), (2) prerenal AKI with furosemide (N = 32) and (3) ATN (N = 33). Results: Of the 37 prerenal AKI episodes without furosemide, 35 showed low FENa of Na. FEUN in the clinical setting of prerenal AKI was lower than that in ATN (27.9 ± 2.1 vs. 51.6 ± 3.8 %, respectively) and, in contrast to FENa, not significantly different between the categories of prerenal AKI with and without furosemide (29.2 ± 3.1 vs. 25.1 ± 2.9, respectively). The sensitivity of FEUN Na was 53 %. Conclusions: FEUN is useful in detecting prerenal AKI in children administered furosemide.
KW - Acute kidney injury
KW - Acute tubular necrosis
KW - Blood urea nitrogen-to-creatinine ratio
KW - Fractional excretion of sodium
KW - Fractional excretion of urea
KW - Furosemide
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U2 - 10.1007/s00467-016-3366-9
DO - 10.1007/s00467-016-3366-9
M3 - Article
C2 - 26993815
AN - SCOPUS:84962536665
SN - 0931-041X
SP - 1
EP - 5
JO - Pediatric Nephrology
JF - Pediatric Nephrology
ER -